Electric accumulator.



- No. 664,023. Patented Dec. l8, I900.

P. MARINO.

ELECTRIC AOCUMULATOR.

(Application filed June 23, 1999.

j e I I '9 OODOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Ooooooooqooooooooooo 00600000000000000000 o oooooooooooqooooooooo ooooooooooooooooooob (NoModel..

ouooooooooooooopoooo 00000000000'0009000000 oooaoooooooooocoflooooooooooocooooocooooc DOOOOOOOOOOOQOO,QOQOB f/WOR A TTU/M/E YS TH:Nflnms PETERS 00., PHOT0-L|THO.. WASWNGTON, o. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PASCAL MARINO, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.

ELECTRIC ACCUM'U LATOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 664,023, dat d, D b 18,1900.

Application filed J 11116 23,1899. Serial No. 721, 47- (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PASCAL MARINO, chemist, of No. 77 Rue des Foulons,Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in Electric Accumulators, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to a new electric accumulator essentiallycharacterized by the nature, construction, and formation of itselectrodes and its electrolyte.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a plan view of one of the separating-partitions. Figs. 2 and3 are similar views of the electrodes, and Fig. 4 is a perspective Viewof the accumulator.

Each element consists of one or more negative or positive electrodes,made as follows:'

First. Each positive electrode is a thin sheet of lead fiat orcorrugated and preferably perforated with numerous holes. It is coveredby a brush with one or more successive layers of active materialconsisting either ontirely of minium or of a mixture of lead miniumfinely pulverized and graphite. In order to render the active materialfluid and adherent, it is mixed with a liquid consisting of about tengrams of dry guncotton introduced into a deep vessel and having pouredon it distilled water enough to cover the cotton. To this are addedabout fifty-five grams of caustic soda or potash. The caustic salt indissolving heats the liquid, which in some places turns yellow. Theguncotton decomposes and completely disappears by the reaction which itundergoes. On completion of the action a liquid of deep-brown color isobtained, to which is added benzene, the object of which is to clear offthe fatty matters which may be on the metal and also to render thematerial more adherent. The whole being mixed with the active materialis applied by a brush to the lead sheets.

Second. Each negative electrode consists of a fiat or corrugated sheet,which may be perforated or not, of lead, aluminium, or other metalcovered like the positive electrode, but with litharge instead ofminium.

Third. Porous rigid partitions of asbestos or magnesive paste or ofunglazed porcelain or of other porous rigid material separate thepositive from the negative electrode.

Fourth. For conductors each electrode, as shown in plan in Figs. 2 and3, has a projecting lug on one side and all the lugs of the electrodesof the same sign positive on the one side and negative on the otherside.

Fifth. The complete element, which may be square or rectangular,according to the shape of the plates, thus consists, as shown in Fig. 4,of a number of horizontal positive and negative electrodes superposedand alternating and separated by the porous partitions described underthree, the whole stifiened by soldering to the lugs two bars a and b,which constitute the conductors. The whole pile is bound solidlytogether by ties that are not attacked by acids and are not conductors.

It might be thought that the porous partitions cause internalresistance; but this is not the case, for as soon as circuit iscompleted the accumulator yields current like ordinary accumulators. Forinstance, if a kilogram of electrodes having at least five plates beplaced in the forming bath, consisting of double sulfate of lead andammonia, hereinafter described, meters indicate after about ten hoursformation about two and one-half volts and ten to twelve amperes, whichis the best proof that the lead oxid is reduced to active material.

Sixth. The electrolyte liquid consists of distilled or rain water withaddition of phosphoric or phosphatic acid or phosphorous orphosphoglyceric acid, or, briefly, any acid resulting from thecombination of phosphorus and oxygen. It has been ascertained thatduring discharge of the elements the reduction of the lead peroxidoccurred in an incomplete manner, and consequently that the presence ofperoxids in the electrolyte caused an opposing electromotive force,which explained irregularities of charge and discharge. This defect isavoided by adding to the electrolyte drops of hypophosphorous acid whichhas the effect of rendering the reduction of lead peroxid complete andgradual during discharge.

Seventh. For forming the elements I proceed as follows: In a specialreceptacle the electrodes are arranged insulated from each other andconnected alternately to the positive and negative terminals of a sourceof electricity in a forming electrolyte, consisting of a solution ofsucroglycerate of calcium or of barium or strontium. By the electricaction there is obtained a layer of lead binoxid, formed from thepure-lead covering of the positive electrode, and the negative electrodebecomes modified,assuming a granular condition very favorable to thechemical action which should take place in the accumulator.

In order to accelerate the forming, the electrodes are in the firstplace passed through an electrolyte consisting of a solution of doublesulfate of lead and ammonia, which is obtained by precipitating leadacetate by sulfuric acid and saturating the acid with ammonia. Under theaction of an electric current of at least two volts the positiveelectrodes become covered with a deposit of lead peroxid and thenegative with a deposit of spongy lead.

The advantage of the system described over other known systems arenumerous, the chief being as follows: The output in capacity is greaterwithout increase of the specific capacity,(weight and volume). The useof two porous partitions within the envelop gives it such a rigiditythat movements causing short circuit cannot take place. The solidity oftheelectrodes allows of increased charge and greateroutpnt. Theprotection of the active material by the porous partitions renders fallsof it impossible Whatever be the shocks or vibrations to which theelements are subjected. The formation being Very rapid, the discharge isobtained immediately on closing circuit.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as my entire and exclusiveproperty the nature, construction, and formation of the electrodes of mynew accumulator, which consists of- The process described consisting inadding to an active material comprising lead oxid a liquor composed ofdistilled Water, guncot ton, caustic alkali and benzene for the purposeof obtaining adhesion to the electrodes, forming the electrodes socomposed first in a solution of bisulfate of lead and ammonia then in asolution of sucroglycerate of an alkaline earth metal.

In witness whereof I have hereunto .set my hand in presence of twowitnesses.

PASCAL MARINO.

Witnesses:

UBERT DROIPON, ED. THOLINET.

